Some include additional substances, like mercury, sodium, and metal halides, which are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture. An excitation coil, for stimulating a highintensitydischarge plasma in an electrodeless discharge lamp, has at least one turn of a conductor arranged generally upon the surface of a toroid with a rhomboid or vshaped crosssection, which is substantially symmetrical about a plane passing through the maxima of the toroid. The same wattage metal halide lamp produces 40,000 initial lumens, and the 400watt mercury vapor lamp produces only 21,000 initially. Electrodeless discharge lamp edl with a long life time further features are integrated into ao2000 series analyzers, such as complete remote operation integrated digital logbook maintenance on request, required by asset management software network communication via ethernet profibus modbus. Electrodeless discharge lamps edl a high frequency electromagnetic field creates the discharge in an edl. An electrodeless discharge lamp system includes an excitation coil placed in proximity of the electrodeless discharge lamp, a resonance circuit for supplying appropriate power to the excitation coil, and a high frequency power source driver and wherein, the combined output is achieved by operating the parallel connected power sources in synchronization or approximately in synchronization with.
In the 1980s the subject of a lowwattage incandescent retrofit lamp was being extensively researched in the labs of philips and thorn lighting, both of whom created advanced prototypes that came very close to a market launch. Spark gap a spark gap is an enclosed or nonenclosed discharge device. The lamp gives over three times as much uv radiation as the conventional electrode lamp. Compared to incandescent lamps, gas discharge lamps offer higher efficiency, 1 2 but are more complicated to manufacture and most exhibit negative resistance, causing the resistance in the plasma to decrease as the current flow increases. The major radius of the coil is such that the lamp is insertable into. The uv emission can stimulate phosphors coated on the surface of the bulb. Abstract electrodeless discharge lamps have several advantages compared to lamps containing electrodes, including longer life, improved lumen maintenance, lamp efficacy, flexibility of lamp design, the use of chemical doses that would interact. Electrodeless discharge lamps and some features of spectra. Mw discharged electrodeless lamps mdels as the light source has attracted. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric discharge lamps. Abstract electrodeless discharge lamps have several advantages compared to lamps containing electrodes, including longer life, improved lumen maintenance, lamp efficacy, flexibility of lamp design, the use of chemical doses that would interact with electrodes, and improved electrical control.
Other articles where electrodeless lamp is discussed. Combining good lamp, ballast and luminaire in a wrong installation may not meet the. You have clicked a page that seems to be very popular. May 21, 1996 it should be appreciated that, according to the foregoing electrodeless discharge lamp, the annular or continuous stringshaped preliminary discharge can be generated with the application of the high frequency voltage to the single type auxiliary electrode, and its shift to the electrodeless discharge d a is rendered easier. An electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp comprising. Discharge lamp definition of discharge lamp by merriam. Some salient features, such as selfabsorption and selective excitation of elements, of microwave excited thorium iodide and other electrodeless discharge lamps are discussed. The present invention relates to a radiofrequency rf coil for exciting a plasma discharge, and, more specifically, to a novel rf coil for exciting a visiblelightproducing plasma in a highintensity discharge hid electrodeless lamp and having a shape with reduced blockage of. Introduction induction lamps or commonly known as electrodeless lamps are principally high frequency hf light sources, which follow the elementary principles of converting electrical power into visible radiation by electrostatic or electrodynamic induction. The first practical electrodeless lamp appeared a short time later, and the technology continues to gain in popularity today due to its energy and maintenance advantages.
Goddard space flight center, greenbelt, maryland stable high radiance in visible and nearultraviolet wavelengths is desirable for radiometric calibration sources. Extended lamp life elimination of reactions between gas fill and metal electrodes heraeus is able to offer the following types of. Microwave discharge electrodeless lamp how is microwave. Pdf the high frequency hf electrodeless lamps edl with different. Us4812702a excitation coil for hid electrodeless discharge. The fluorescent lamp is perhaps the best known gas discharge lamp. Gun analogical to the discharge after iec 642 device testing. The lamp of claim 18, wherein the slanted surfaces of the crosssection of the torus appear to merge at a point within the envelope of the hid tube. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together. Atomic spectra from rf electrodeless discharge sources for uv. The importance of these features for classification and analysis of spectra and possibly for spectrochemical analysis is indicated. In electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited.
Use of microwaveassisted oxidation for removal of the. Temperature of an electrodeless discharge lamp and determination of the oscillator strength for the i2p32 183. Tio2 film under microwave electrodeless discharge lamp irradiation. Find perkinelmer system 2 electrodeless discharge lamp assemblies at now. From an electrical point of view, the lamp can be thought of as a transformer, where the coil acts as the primary and the plasma acts as the secondary. This is in contrast to a typical gas discharge lamp that uses internal electrodes connected to the power supply by conductors that pass through the lamp envelope. The larger the lamp, the greater the inert gas volume and the longer the lamp lifetime. An electrodeless discharge lamp includes a discharge gas sealed in a lamp tube. If the efficiency of discharge lamps could be increased by 1%, it would result in a saving of 10 9 kwh per year worldwide.
Measurements for the development of otto, diesel engines. For example, a 400watt high pressure sodium lamp produces 50,000 initial lumens. Electrodeless discharge lamps have several advantages compared to lamps containing electrodes, including longer life, improved lumen maintenance, lamp efficacy, flexibility of lamp design, the use of chemical doses that would interact with electrodes, and improved electrical control. Temperature and envelope materialdependent emission characteristics this work extends our previous. But the high price of the technology remained a barrier to production. Electrostatic discharge esd an40005 an introduction to esd. The efficacy of the hps lamp is very high as much as 140 lumens per watt. The french astronomer jean picard observed 1675 a faint glow in a mercurybarometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow. So, due to this, edm is particularly useful in machining of small holes, orifices, slots in diesel fuel injection nozzles, airbrake valves and aircraft engines etc. The electrodeless discharge lamp with populations in excited states can be used to realize the frequency stabilization reference of the laser frequency standard. Electrodeless lamp article about electrodeless lamp by. The spectral characteristics of the electrodeless lamp resemble more those of highpressure mercury lamps. Highfrequency electrodeless discharge lamps for atomic.
Electrodeless discharge lamp matsushita electric works, ltd. Color change to bluish white is a cue to change the lamp noncycling end of life operation alto lamp technology passes epas tclp test for nonhazardous waste lamp watts 70 100 150 200 250 400 1ooo bulb base ed23v2 mog. During this machining process, a small portion of metals is also eroded away, leaving a small cater. The failure model hmm is an alternate model for a real test method for stressing pins of electronic components such as integrated circuits, single transistors or diodes, other elements. Remarkable synergistic effect was found between mw and uv light.
Perkinelmer system 2 electrodeless discharge lamp assemblies. Atomic spectra from rf electrodeless discharge sources for. Radio frequency plasma discharge lamps for use as stable calibration light sources electrodeinduced instabilities are eliminated and the lifetime is not limited by electrode erosion. The spectral output of the electrodeless discharge mercury lamp is known. Electrodeless lighting electrical contractor magazine. We experience occurrences of static electricity everyday. Excitation coil for hid electrodeless discharge lamp. A novel electrodeless discharge lamp coated with titania oxide anatase and placed in a microwave field directly in a bulk of suspension was used to generate uvvis radiation. Electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp energized by a.
In addition to the rare earth trichromatic phosphors, there are also the nanoclass alumina and other materials that are coated on the bulbs inner wall. Perkinelmer system 2 edls consist of the element or a salt of the element sealed in a quartz bulb containing an inert gas atmosphere. The processing operation includes reversal of the polarities so that the zirconium anode now becomes the cathode. Electric discharge lamp, also called vapour lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. The photodegradation was favored by a low initial ph, an elevated temperature, and a high light intensity. A gaseous discharge is obtained by driving an electric current through a gas, typically present between two electrodes. The french astronomer jean picard observed 1675 a faint glow in a mercurybarometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow static electricity was not then understood. Radio frequency plasma discharge lamps for use as stable. Hfedls have been used in various scientific devices such as emission and absorption spectrometers, spectrometers for refractive index measurements, frequency. This alumina in lighting can form a shield similar to a metal mask, which help s the fluorescent powder prevent the ultraviolet light from leaking out, is an excellent helper to ycc teks highend electrodeless lamp product series. Lamp in this subclass, lamp includes tubes emitting visible, ultraviolet or infrared light. Discharge lamp definition of discharge lamp by the free. A lossfree resistorbased versatile ballast for discharge lamps. Electrodeless lamp article about electrodeless lamp by the.
The present invention relates to a radiofrequency rf coil for exciting a plasma discharge, and, more specifically, to a novel rf coil for exciting a visiblelightproducing plasma in a highintensity discharge hid electrodeless lamp and having a shape with reduced blockage of the luminous flux from the discharge lamp. An electrodeless discharge lamp system includes an excitation coil placed in proximity of the electrodeless discharge lamp, a resonance circuit for supplying appropriate power to the excitation coil, and a high frequency power source driver and wherein, the combined output is achieved by operating the parallel connected power sources in synchronization or approximately in synchronization with each other. The electrode less discharge lamp uses an induction coil or energycoupling antenna without electrodes, which use the application of lowpressure gas discharge. This is in contrast to a typical gas discharge lamp that uses internal electrodes connected to the power supply by conductors that pass. Electrostatic discharge esd tom diep and roger cline abstract this application report provides an overview of electrostaticdischarge esd test models, failure modes, protection strategies, and texas instruments procedures to guard against esd failures. Features and operation of hollow cathode lamps and. The lamp of claim 19, wherein the merge point appears to be substantially at the center of the discharge arc plasma. Discharge lamp definition of discharge lamp by merriamwebster. Light sources for optical and analytical instrumentation. Ellamps developed for multilamp microwave uv systems are quite different from classic quartz microwave electrodeless lamps used in single lamp microwave uv systems. Gas discharge lamp basics the use of electrically excited gas discharges significantly predates the invention of the incandescent lamp. Also the optics of a 575 discharge lamp are usually really inefficient they can afford to waste a bit, theres plenty of light there, but the led source is more directionally controlled so the optics will be more efficient.
The internal electrodeless lamp or induction lamp is a gas discharge lamp in which an electric or magnetic field transfers the power required to generate light from outside the lamp envelope to the gas inside. High frequency hf discharge electrodeless lamp hfdel, a typical uv light source, has been invented over 100 years and started to apply into the photolysis of organic compounds in solution and the irradiation of gases since 1970s 6. Electric discharge lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. Patent replacement lamp for d mode 10 inch long fusion microwave electrodeless lampoem. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. This book brings together an extraordinary amount of data on all the major types of electric discharge lamps which are now in commercial use. Discharge lamp definition is an electric lamp in which an enclosed gas or vapor glows or causes a phosphor coating on the lamp s inner surface to glow. Microwave discharge electrodeless lamp listed as mdel.
Pdf highfrequency electrodeless lamps for application in atomic. A multi lamp current sharing controller using currentmirror technique for lcd backlight module conference paper pdf available in pesc record ieee annual power electronics specialists. When an rf field of sufficient power is applied, the. Alibaba manufacturer directory suppliers, manufacturers. Electrodeless discharge definition of electrodeless. Note multielement lamps are not designed to be used with furnace systems. The discharge gas includes a halide of rare earth metal.
Physics labs of yesteryear as well as today have use of a variety of gas filled tubes used for numerous purposes involving light generation including spectroscopy, materials analysis, studies of gas dynamics. While experimenting with highfrequency current, inventor nikola tesla developed an electrodeless lamp, but the concept remained largely unexplored for the next century except as a novelty lamp in the 1980s. To prolong the life of a lumina hollow cathode lamp hcl, we produce lamps with larger internal volume so that a greater supply of fill gas at optimum pressure is available. Zirconium is a very active getter for impurity gases such as oxygen and hydrogen, and this discharge serves to purge the lamp of these impurity gases. An excitation coil, for stimulating a highintensity discharge plasma in an electrodeless discharge lamp, has at least one turn of a conductor arranged generally upon the surface of a toroid with a rhomboid or vshaped crosssection, which is substantially symmetrical about a plane passing through the maxima of the toroid. If specific atomic lines are desired, a small amount of the desired element is introduced in the discharge. Patent replacement lamp for axcelis replacement 068229 mercury lampoem. This removes the need for electrodes, which results in the following advantages over conventional uv lamps. Discharge lamp definition is an electric lamp in which an enclosed gas or vapor glows or causes a phosphor coating on the lamps inner surface to glow. Lumina hollow cathode and electrodeless discharge lamps.
In this study, we are proposing an aop system assisted by microwave radiation for removal of the pesticide. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton, and xenon or a mixture of these gases. Compact dimensions and ease of operation open up new possibilities for. For example, walking along a carpeted floor in a heated room during winter generates sufficient static electricity to give us a rather shocking experience when we touch the door knob. Glossary of terms in this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated. A device that generates light by means of an internal electrical discharge between electrodes in a gas.
Mar 11, 2016 applications of electric discharge machining process. Electrodeless discharge definition is a discharge produced in the neighborhood of a highfrequency alternating current under certain conditions through a gas contained in a closed tube without electrodes. The generator for this model is a hbm gun analogical to the discharge after iec 642. The prevention and control of electrostatic discharge esd. These electrodeless discharge lamps are preferred for certain volatile elements. Highfrequency electrodeless discharge lamps hfedls are widely used as high intensity sources of narrow spectral lines, covering the spectrum from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps h01t. They offer better precision and lower detection limits for analyses that are noisy due to weak hollow cathode emission.
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